Losing weight with diabetes mellitus type 2
The German Obesity Society recommends weight loss for those with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m² or more (overweight).
People with Type 2 diabetes mellitus are particularly targeted, as around 90% of them are overweight. Even a moderate weight loss of 5% of the initial weight can lead to an improvement in metabolism. The greater the weight loss, the more positive the effects on metabolism.
Losing weight can prolong life
Losing weight has a positive effect on glucose metabolism. Numerous studies have shown the benefits of weight loss on glucose metabolism. A weight loss of around 1 kg can lead to a reduction in fasting blood sugar levels of around 5 mg/dl.
"Losing weight" is therefore the primary goal, especially for people with Type 2 diabetes and obesity. The change in Nutrition and sufficient physical activity are essential for this. There are several nutritional therapeutic approaches, ranging from a moderately low-calorie diet to very low-calorie formula diets. Before starting a diet Patients with Diabetes mellitus an health check . make
Mediterranean diet helps to lower fasting blood sugar efficiently
Glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity are positively influenced by a Mediterranean diet. In addition, a Mediterranean diet can moderately reduce body weight.
Know and avoid "fat traps"
Choosing low-fat dairy products such as cheese and yogurt, lean meats and avoiding "fat traps" such as dressing, breaded and fried foods is an essential step towards improved nutrition. When preparing food, deep-frying or roasting should also be avoided.
High-fat foods and their alternatives
Butter, margarine --- cream cheese, quark
fried potatoes, French fries --- jacket potatoes
Pork, goose, duck --- chicken, turkey
Salami --- cooked ham
cream cake --- fruit cake
potato chips --- pretzel sticks
ice cream --- fruit ice cream
Interval fasting and Time Restriced Eating (TRE)
Intermittent fasting is currently a popular approach to weight loss. It is so popular not least because it not only promises to shed pounds without hunger and the yo-yo effect. The effects promoted in numerous self-help books and media reports also include protection against Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's and Cancer.
Fasting for 12 to 14 hours can increase apoptosis (programmed cell death) of malignant precursor cells and increase autophagy (cell recycling). Dysregulated or reduced autophagy is present in many age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, tumor diseases or neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, a Harvard study has shown that intermittent fasting increases the lifespan of mitochondria (the cell's own energy power plants).
Intermittent fasting is particularly about the timing of food intake, rather than what and how much you eat. There are different methods of intermittent fasting that can be chosen individually, depending on how best to "integrate" them into your rhythm of life.
Method 16:8
You don't eat anything for 16 hours straight. You can eat as usual for the remaining eight hours of the day. A balanced diet is recommended during this time. Whether you skip breakfast or dinner during the 16-hour fast is up to you.
Method 18:6
This method works in a similar way to the 16:8 method: you fast for 18 hours and are allowed to eat within a 6-hour window. The fasting phase is a little longer and therefore more intense, which is also supposed to increase the positive effects on the body.
Method 5:2
Five days a week you eat as usual, and on two days you reduce your calorie intake to a minimum. Women then consume around 500 kcal, men 600 kcal. The fasting days do not have to be consecutive and can vary from week to week.
During the fasting phase, any form of eating and drinking that involves a metabolic response is avoided, as they can impair the effect of the fast. This also includes seemingly small things such as a splash of milk or a little sweetener in the Coffee or tea – the amount is not important. Unsweetened drinks such as coffee, tea and of course water are allowed with all methods.
Intermittent fasting also does not mean that you can indulge in excessive eating during the meal periods. It is about conscious abstinence. A balanced diet is recommended; fatty, sugary and highly salted foods are taboo.
A 16-hour fast is a good way to start with intermittent fasting, as it can be easily integrated into your daily routine. For example, if you eat lunch at 12 noon, you would have to eat your last meal of the day at 20 p.m. to guarantee the 16-hour fasting period.
Depending on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (e.g. sulfonylureas, insulin), attention should be paid to the fluctuating carbohydrate intake and, if necessary, the treatment should be adjusted to avoid possible hypoglycemia. For this reason, intermittent fasting should be carried out under medical supervision in people taking diabetes medication.
formula diet
Formula diets, which use protein products in the form of shakes, bars or soups, are recommended for people with a BMI of 30 kg/m² or more (obesity). Replacing one or two main meals a day with formula products or eating formula products alone can already lead to weight loss. The recently published Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) study showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus can be reduced with a formula diet.